Gruenwald has remarked that this procedure could be a means of avoiding the immediate sight of divine beings (Apocalyptic and Merkavah Mysticism [Leiden/Köln: E. J. Brill, 1980], p. 135), and M. Idel has shown that such a technique was practiced by mystical visionaries down through the Middle Ages (Sinai [Hebrew] 86 [5640/1980], 1–7). the heavens opened. A unique expression; elsewhere God is said to “incline” or “rend” the heaven in order to descend and reveal himself (2 Sam 22:10; Isa 63:19). a
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